Robert Holbrook Smith, known to AA members as “Bill W.” and “Dr. Historyįurther information: History of Alcoholics AnonymousĪlcoholics Anonymous (AA), the first twelve-step fellowship, was founded in 1935 by Bill Wilson and Dr. Adult Children of Alcoholics(ACA or ACOA) addresses the effects of growing up in an alcoholic or otherwise dysfunctional family. Co-Dependents Anonymous ( CoDA) addresses compulsions related to relationships, referred to as codependency. Behavioral issues such as compulsion for, and/or addiction to, gambling, crime, food, sex, hoarding, debting and work are addressed in fellowships such as Gamblers Anonymous, Overeaters Anonymous, Sexaholics Anonymous and Debtors Anonymous.Īuxiliary groups such as Al-Anon and Nar-Anon, for friends and family members of alcoholics and addicts, respectively, are part of a response to treating addiction as a disease that is enabled by family systems. ĭemographic preferences related to the addicts’ drug of choice has led to the creation of Cocaine Anonymous, Crystal Meth Anonymous and Marijuana Anonymous. Over 200 self-help organizations-often known as fellowships-with a worldwide membership of millions-now employ twelve-step principles for recovery. Narcotics Anonymous was formed by addicts who did not relate to the specifics of alcohol dependency. Twelve-step methods have been adapted to address a wide range of alcoholism, substance-abuse and dependency problems.
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